Lost in optimisation of water distribution systems? A literature review of system operation

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Elsevier via the DOI in this record.Optimisation of the operation of water distribution systems has been an active research field for almost half a century. It has focused mainly on optimal pump operation to minimise pumping costs and optimal water quality management to ensure that standards at customer nodes are met. This paper provides a systematic review by bringing together over two hundred publications from the past three decades, which are relevant to operational optimisation of water distribution systems, particularly optimal pump operation, valve control and system operation for water quality purposes of both urban drinking and regional multiquality water distribution systems. Uniquely, it also contains substantial and thorough information for over one hundred publications in a tabular form, which lists optimisation models inclusive of objectives, constraints, decision variables, solution methodologies used and other details. Research challenges in terms of simulation models, optimisation model formulation, selection of optimisation method and postprocessing needs have also been identified

Lost in optimisation of water distribution systems? A literature review of system design

This is the final version of the article. Available from MDPI via the DOI in this record.Optimisation of water distribution system design is a well-established research field, which has been extremely productive since the end of the 1980s. Its primary focus is to minimise the cost of a proposed pipe network infrastructure. This paper reviews in a systematic manner articles published over the past three decades, which are relevant to the design of new water distribution systems, and the strengthening, expansion and rehabilitation of existing water distribution systems, inclusive of design timing, parameter uncertainty, water quality, and operational considerations. It identifies trends and limits in the field, and provides future research directions. Exclusively, this review paper also contains comprehensive information from over one hundred and twenty publications in a tabular form, including optimisation model formulations, solution methodologies used, and other important details

Peculiarity of Embodiment of Literary Text by N. Leskov in Libretto of Opera by R. Shchedrin “The Enchanted Wanderer”

On the example of reading two texts the story of N. Leskov “The Enchanted Wanderer” and the libretto of “opera for a concert stage” by R. Shchedrin the mechanism of transformation of a literary text into an opera libretto text is described in the article. The principles of elimination, intensification and re-emphasis are described as basic principles of such a transformation. It is shown how their implementation affects the concept of the main character, genre features and the architectonics of the libretto. Particular attention is paid to the concept of the main character. It is concluded that, working with Leskov’s text, reducing and supplementing it, shifting individual accents, R. Shchedrin as a whole does not deviate from the narrative in the interpretation of the concept of the main character, does not violate the genre specificity of the work, the general drawing of its plot and plot canvas. The relevance of the article is due to the fact that Shchedrin’s opera “The Enchanted Wanderer” (last production - New York, 2015) still causes a considerable research reaction both in Russia and abroad. The novelty of the article is due to the fact that there is no literary study on the comparative analysis of two texts: the story of Leskov and the opera libretto by Shchedrin. Meanwhile, the consideration of the ways and methods that artists went to implement the main idea of the work seems important and interesting

Ornamentation on Glazed Ceramics of Khorezm (13th–14th CC.)

Archaeological materials and data from written sources indicate that Khorezm had recovered from the consequences of the Mongol conquest by the second half of the 13th century. The economic life of Khorezm, which became part of the new Mongol state, the Golden Horde, began to stabilize as early as the middle of the 13th century. The left bank part of Khorezm, which became a part of the Ulus of Jochi and was at the crossroads of the world trade, was mainly experiencing growth. The left bank of the Amu Darya River saw the revival of cities and unfortified settlements. Some right bank cities located near the Amu Darya River were also rising. During the Golden Horde period, pockets of sedentary farming culture also emerged in the south of Khorezm. Ceramics production of the entire Golden Horde state developed under the strong influence of Khorezm, which played a huge role in creating the Golden Horde culture. Pottery ornamentation also changed. A characteristic feature is abundant use of underglaze greenish-black or dark turquoise painting. Ornamental motifs of medieval Khorezm material culture completely differ from ceramics of the previous periods in terms of their artistic interpretation. It was enriched by new pictorial subjects and decorating techniques, and the originality of subject compositions. The ceramics of the period under study are divided into plant, geometric, zoomorphic and epigraphic types

THE STUDY OF THE ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF 2-AMINOTHIAZOLES CONTAINING A DITERPENE FRAGMENT BY CHEMILUMINESCENCE

Presently the focus is on developing both synthetic and natural compounds like antioxidants that act at different levels and that can be possibly used to reduce damage caused by oxidative stress. Among these, biologically important compounds with a wide spectrum of action (antitumor, antioxidant and antioxidant activity) are aminothiazoles

Practical Strategies to Improve National Competitiveness

Today, the global community is faced with a new vision of the economy that aims to coordinate public policies with the purpose of ensuring sustainable growth to facilitate economic recovery under the current conditions and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of the study is to create a basic typology of strategies to improve national competitiveness in the context of globalization. The research methodology includes a comparison of economic development models and strategies for different countries around the world and an analysis of data from international organizations. The benchmarking of national strategies is based on the measurements’ evaluation for three groups of the GCI index components. The originality of the study stems from the fact that it proposed choosing a strategy for the development of the national economy with account taken of the level of its economic development. The strengths and weaknesses of competitiveness in the profile of the economy are identified and, whereby, a strategy to increase national competitiveness is chosen, according to the results of this analysis. The results of the study showed that the American model of economic development is the most competitive one among the examined models. In addition, the paper shows that the application of practical strategies for social integration, as well as mergers and acquisitions, will contribute to enhancing the national competitiveness in the context of economic growth and raising the living standards of the population. The findings of this research provide practical guidance for related professionals attempting to choose a suitable public policy to form effective and holistic national strategies and monitor the country’s progress over time. © The Author(s) 2021

Pedagogical Conditions of Formation Professional Competences of the Bachelor-Economist on the Basis of Understanding

The article describes the issues of professional training of bachelors of Economics in the modern University as a specific educational system. The work clarifies the specificity of professional activity of future bachelors of Economics as subjects of study. The article simulated the educational process as organized in the module-rating system of education in the modern University, developed a conceptual and technological models that determine our understanding of the nature of the content, technologies of formation of professionally significant competences of future bachelors of economy in the modern University. Besides, in the article the organizational-pedagogical conditions providing efficiency of realization of the model are formulated

Pedagogical Conditions of Formation Professional Competences of the Bachelor-Economist on the Basis of Understanding

The article describes the issues of professional training of bachelors of Economics in the modern University as a specific educational system. The work clarifies the specificity of professional activity of future bachelors of Economics as subjects of study. The article simulated the educational process as organized in the module-rating system of education in the modern University, developed a conceptual and technological models that determine our understanding of the nature of the content, technologies of formation of professionally significant competences of future bachelors of economy in the modern University. Besides, in the article the organizational-pedagogical conditions providing efficiency of realization of the model are formulated

Stimulating of entrepreneurs’ innovative activity in the Republic of Bashkortostan

The article views some aspects of promoting innovative activity in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The measures stimulating innovative activity have been grouped into blocks.1. Creating favorable conditions for innovative activity. 2. Increasing the population’s innovative activity. 3. Development of the system of scientific and production cooperation and innovation commercialization. 4. Investment support of innovative projects. 5. Development of innovative infrastructure. 6. Development of innovative small businesses. 7. Information provision of innovative activity. The main directions of implementing the above-mentioned conditions are: - lawmaking activity in the Republic, taking into consideration the federal legislation, international standards and traditions; - financial and tax inducement of scientific-technical and innovative activity; - international technological integration; - private-state partnership in the sphere of innovative activity. Recommendations are suggested, relating to the innovative policy activation for more efficient fulfillment of the key functions of the Republic’s scientific and research sector. The authors conclude that the Republic has all necessary preconditions for small entrepreneurship functioning: the natural conditions favorable for many kinds of economic activity, the forming local market infrastructure for small business servicing, and the availability of large enterprises and centers of economic activity.Keywords: entrepreneur, entrepreneurship, innovation, innovative activity, region, infrastructure, investments, stimulation, monitoring

The effect of pharmacological correction with vitamin D on the cytokine response in children with atopic bronchial asthma

Aim. To study the state of the cytokine response in children with atopic bronchial asthma during pharmacological correction with vitamin D. Methods. 63 children aged 3-17 years with atopic bronchial asthma of varying severity were examined. As a control group, 10 practically healthy children of the same age who had no history of allergic manifestations and no hereditary complications, were examined. The patients were divided into two groups matched by age: group 1 included 33 patients with mild (n=20) and moderate (n=13) bronchial asthma who received only basic anti-inflammatory therapy according to the severity of asthma; group 2 included 30 children with mild (n=18) and moderate (n=12) bronchial asthma who received basic anti-inflammatory therapy with vitamin D containing Tridrop [3 drops (1500 IU) per day for 1 month]. Patients were assessed for interleukin-2, -13 and -17 in the blood serum using a solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before and after treatment. Results. The results obtained made it possible to clarify the changes in the cytokine spectrum in patients with atopic bronchial asthma in the course of the disease and the effect of pharmacological correction with vitamin D on it. The mean level of interleukin-2 in group 1 remained practically unchanged, the value of this cytokine was 2.77±1.51 pg/ml (p >0.05). In group 2, the mean interleukin-2 level increased to 5.07±1.02 pg/ml (p 0.05). Conclusion. Pharmacological correction with vitamin D on the background of basic anti-inflammatory therapy promotes the positive dynamics of the level of cytokines during the treatment of atopic bronchial asthma, which is related to the ability of vitamin D to regulate the function of Th2 and, as a result, to reduce the synthesis of interleukin-13 and -17, which participate in the pathogenesis of allergies and play an important protective role in bronchial asthma